Kirkisani, Jacob al- (Abu Yusuf Yakub)

(10th century)

   Babylonian Karaite scholar. Kirkisani took his name from his birthplace, probably Karkasan, near Baghdad. He wrote in Arabic and had a good knowledge of Arab literature and philosophy in addition to the Talmud. In spite of the violent controversies between the Karaites (see Anan ben-David) and the Orthodox rabbis, his works are marked by their relatively temperate language, reason and clarity. His two main works are a biblical commentary, ‘The Book of Gardens and Parks’ (938), a code of law, ‘The Book of Lights and Watchtowers’, a book on Karaite practices observed in his travels, and a treatise in refutation of MUHAMMAD’S claim to prophecy. His critical attitude extended not only to the opponents of Karaism but even to Anan, considered the founder of the sect.