Nicholas I

Nicholas I
(1796–1855)
   Czar of Russia 1825–55. In line with his reactionary general policies, Nicholas enacted scores of repressive laws aimed at forcing the disappearance of the Jews as a separate entity. Their community organization was dismantled; compulsory military service imposed; the distinctive Jewish garb banned; secular education promoted to replace traditional study; and the printing of Jewish books restricted. His most abhorred measure was the seizure of young Jewish boys to be brought up in military boarding schools as ‘cantonists’. Most of the anti-Jewish decrees were repealed on his death.

Who’s Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament. . 2012.

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  • Nicholas II —     Pope Nicholas II     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Pope Nicholas II     (GERHARD OF BURGUNDY)     Nicholas was born at Chevron, in what is now Savoy; elected at Siena, December, 1058; died at Florence 19 or 27 July, 1061. Like his predecessor,… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • NICHOLAS° — NICHOLAS°, name of two Russian czars. NICHOLAS I czar of Russia from 1825 to 1855. His reign was marked by a general reaction, the persecution of liberal elements in the country, and the oppression of religious and national minorities. Nicholas I …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Nicholas I — may refer to: Pope Nicholas I (c. 820 – 867), or Nicholas the Great Nicholas Mysticus, patriarch Nicholas I of Constantinople (852–925) Nicholas I, Bishop of Schleswig between 1209 and 1233 Patriarch Nicholas I of Alexandria, Greek Patriarch of… …   Wikipedia

  • Nicholas IV —     Pope Nicholas IV     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Pope Nicholas IV     (GIROLAMO MASCI)     Born at Ascoli in the March of Ancona; died in Rome, 4 April, 1292. He was of humble extraction, and at an early age entered the Franciscan Order. In… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • NICHOLAS° — NICHOLAS°, name of five popes. NICHOLAS III (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini), pope 1277–80. During his brief reign Nicholas displayed a considerable zeal for the conversion of the Jews. His bull Vineam sorce encouraged conversion through sermons and… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Nicholas IV — can refer to: Pope Nicholas IV (1288–1292) Patriarch Nicholas IV of Constantinople (1147–1151) Patriarch Nicholas IV of Alexandria (1412–1417) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same personal name. If an …   Wikipedia

  • Nicholas — Nicholas1 [nik′ə ləs] n. [ME < OFr Nicolas < L Nicolaus < Gr Nikolaos < nikē, victory + laos, the people] a masculine name: dim. Nick; equiv. L. Nicolaus, Fr. & Sp. Nicolas, Ger. Nikolaus, It. Niccolo, Russ. Nikolai Nicholas2 [nik′ə… …   English World dictionary

  • Nicholas — (Лаганас,Греция) Категория отеля: Адрес: Main Street, Лаганас, 29100, Греция Опи …   Каталог отелей

  • Nichŏlas — Nichŏlas, 1) Grafschaft im Staate Virginia (Nordamerika), 28 QM.; Flüsse: Kanawha, Gauley u. Meadow Rivers; gebirgig, mit großen Waldungen; Producte: Mais, Hafer; Rindvieh; 1818 organisirt; 1850: 3963 Ew., worunter 73 Sklaven; 2) Grafschaft im… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

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