Wittgenstein, Ludwig

(1889–1951)

   Anglo-Austrian philosopher. Wittgenstein was born in Austria to a secular family and studied at Linz, Berlin, Manchester and Cambridge. He was enormously influential and his two books Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921) and Philosophical Investigations (1951) are two of the most important philosophical tracts of the 20th century. For many years Wittgenstein’s Jewishness was in doubt; in fact nominally his father was a Protestant and his mother a Roman Catholic, but both were of Jewish descent. Nonetheless to some extent Wittgenstein saw himself as a Jewish thinker. WOLF, Lucien 1857–1930. English journalist and historian. Wolf was foreign editor of the Daily Graphic in London (1890–1909) and editor of the Jewish World. A champion of Jewish rights, he campaigned vigorously against czarist Russia before World War I and after the war helped to draft the Minorities Treaties at the Paris Peace Conference (1919). At the same time he was an outspoken anti-Zionist and active in the fight against the BALFOUR Declaration of 1917. Wolf was an authority on Anglo-Jewish history, especially the medieval period, and was the founder (1893) and president of the Jewish Historical Society of England.